Title |
Predictors of persistence of ADHD into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis
|
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Published in |
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, March 2016
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DOI | 10.1007/s00787-016-0831-8 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Arthur Caye, Alex V. Spadini, Rafael G. Karam, Eugenio H. Grevet, Diego L Rovaris, Claiton H. D. Bau, Luis A. Rohde, Christian Kieling |
Abstract |
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is traditionally conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disorder that continues into adulthood in up to half of diagnosed cases. In light of current evidence, factors associated with the course of the disorder remain unknown. We performed a systematic review of the literature searching for risk markers from childhood that predicted the persistence of ADHD into adulthood. We reviewed 26,168 abstracts and selected 72 for full-text review. We identified data from 16 studies, comprising 6 population-based retrospective samples and 10 clinical follow-ups. We performed meta-analyses of factors evaluated by at least three studies. Severity of ADHD (OR 2.33, 95 % CI = 1.6-3.39, p < 0.001), treatment for ADHD (OR 2.09, 95 % CI = 1.04-4.18, p = 0.037), comorbid conduct disorder (OR 1.85, 95 % CI = 1.06-3.24, p = 0.030), and comorbid major depressive disorder (OR 1.8, 95 % CI = 1.1-2.95, p = 0.019) emerged as predictors already presented in childhood for ADHD persistence into adulthood. Further, we suggest that cohort studies should be designed to clarify such an important question for research and clinical practice. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Japan | 2 | 25% |
Unknown | 6 | 75% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 7 | 88% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 13% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 350 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 54 | 15% |
Researcher | 42 | 12% |
Student > Master | 38 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 30 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 25 | 7% |
Other | 65 | 18% |
Unknown | 101 | 28% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 86 | 24% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 58 | 16% |
Neuroscience | 30 | 8% |
Social Sciences | 10 | 3% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 9 | 3% |
Other | 40 | 11% |
Unknown | 122 | 34% |