| Title |
Cardiovascular health in transgender people
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, August 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s11154-018-9454-3 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Michael S. Irwig |
| Abstract |
This review examines the relationship between exogenous sex steroids and cardiovascular events and surrogate markers in trans (transgender) people. Data from trans populations is compared to data from postmenopausal women and hypogonadal men when appropriate. In an age-adjusted comparison with cisgender people, trans people appear to have an increased risk for myocardial infarction and death due to cardiovascular disease. It is uncertain whether hormone therapy in trans people affects their risk of stroke. In studies that followed trans people on hormone therapy, the rates of myocardial infarction and stroke were consistently higher in trans women than trans men. There is strong evidence that estrogen therapy for trans women increases their risk for venous thromboembolism over 5 fold. Extrapolating from studies of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women, transdermal estrogen likely carries a lower risk for venous thromboembolism than oral estrogen. Regarding red blood cells, testosterone therapy increases hemoglobin in trans men, and lowering testosterone in trans women has the opposite effect. Regarding blood pressure, the effects of hormone therapy on systolic blood pressure in trans women are inconsistent, with most studies showing an increase. In trans men, testosterone therapy consistently increases systolic blood pressure and may increase diastolic blood pressure. For lipids, hormone therapy may increase triglycerides in both trans women and men. In trans men, testosterone therapy also may increase LDL-cholesterol and decrease HDL-cholesterol. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 38 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 6 | 16% |
| Canada | 5 | 13% |
| United States | 4 | 11% |
| Germany | 1 | 3% |
| Curaçao | 1 | 3% |
| Australia | 1 | 3% |
| Unknown | 20 | 53% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 35 | 92% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 5% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 139 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 139 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 19 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 16 | 12% |
| Student > Master | 14 | 10% |
| Researcher | 12 | 9% |
| Other | 10 | 7% |
| Other | 32 | 23% |
| Unknown | 36 | 26% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 45 | 32% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 10 | 7% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 4% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 4% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 3% |
| Other | 22 | 16% |
| Unknown | 46 | 33% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 197. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 30 March 2023.
All research outputs
#204,715
of 25,782,917 outputs
Outputs from Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
#10
of 549 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#4,160
of 342,697 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
#2
of 12 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,782,917 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 549 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 15.7. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 342,697 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 12 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 83% of its contemporaries.