Title |
Biological screening of selected Pacific Northwest forest plants using the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) toxicity bioassay
|
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Published in |
SpringerPlus, April 2016
|
DOI | 10.1186/s40064-016-2145-1 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Yvette M. Karchesy, Rick G. Kelsey, George Constantine, Joseph J. Karchesy |
Abstract |
The brine shrimp (Artemia salina) bioassay was used to screen 211 methanol extracts from 128 species of Pacific Northwest plants in search of general cytotoxic activity. Strong toxicity (LC50 < 100 µg/ml) was found for 17 extracts from 13 species, with highest activity observed for Angelica arguta roots at <10 µg/ml. Notably, four species of cedar trees and one of juniper in the family Cupressaceae dominated this group with LC50 for heartwood extracts ranging from 15 to 89 µg/ml. Moderate toxicity (LC50 100-500 µg/ml) was found in 38 extracts from 27 species, while weak toxicity (LC50 500-1000 µg/ml) was detected for 17 extracts in 16 species. There were 139 extracts from 99 species that were non-toxic (LC50 > 1000 µg/ml). Our subsequent studies of conifer heartwoods with strong activity confirm the assay's value for identifying new investigational leads for materials with insecticidal and fungicidal activity. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Brazil | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 90 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 21 | 23% |
Student > Master | 12 | 13% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 11 | 12% |
Lecturer | 5 | 5% |
Student > Postgraduate | 5 | 5% |
Other | 12 | 13% |
Unknown | 25 | 27% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Chemistry | 17 | 19% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 14% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 10 | 11% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 9% |
Engineering | 4 | 4% |
Other | 12 | 13% |
Unknown | 27 | 30% |