Title |
The Immune Microenvironment of Myeloma
|
---|---|
Published in |
Cancer Microenvironment, August 2011
|
DOI | 10.1007/s12307-011-0086-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Kimberly Noonan, Ivan Borrello |
Abstract |
The bone marrow (BM) is the site of disease in myeloma and possesses unique immune characteristics involved in the pathobiology of the disease. Interactions of plasma cells with stromal cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, myeloid and lymphoid cells make up the unique bone marrow milieu that mediates myeloma disease progression. Independently or through a complex network of interactions these cells impart immune changes leading to immune evasion and disease progression. The critical role of these factors in disease progression has led to the intense development of therapeutic strategies aimed at either disrupting the immune mechanisms mediating disease progression or augmenting those with anti-tumor benefits. This review discusses the major contributors of immunity in the bone marrow microenvironment, their interactions, and mechanisms whereby immune modulation can be translated into therapies with anti-myeloma efficacy. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 1 | 1% |
Brazil | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 85 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 20 | 23% |
Researcher | 20 | 23% |
Student > Master | 11 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 8 | 9% |
Other | 4 | 5% |
Other | 10 | 11% |
Unknown | 14 | 16% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 23 | 26% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 14 | 16% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 12 | 14% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 13% |
Chemistry | 3 | 3% |
Other | 8 | 9% |
Unknown | 16 | 18% |