| Title |
Sex difference in age and performance in elite Swiss freestyle swimmers competing from 50 m to 1,500 m
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
SpringerPlus, May 2014
|
| DOI | 10.1186/2193-1801-3-228 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Christoph Alexander Rüst, Thomas Rosemann, Beat Knechtle |
| Abstract |
Recent studies reported different ages for peak freestyle swimming performances for 50 m and 1,500 m. The aims of the present study were (i) to determine the age of peak freestyle swimming speed for distances including 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, and 1,500 m and to (ii) analyze the sex difference in peak freestyle swimming speed for all distances between 50 m and 1,500 m for elite female and male swimmers competing at national level. Data from the 'Swiss Swimming Federation' between 2006 and 2010 from 10,405 men and 9,552 women were analyzed using regression analyses and analyses of variance (ANOVA). Women achieved peak freestyle swimming speed at ~20-21 years from 50 m to 400 m, at ~24-25 years in 1,500 m and at ~25-27 years in 800 m. In men, the age of peak freestyle swimming speed varied between ~22-23 years and ~25-27 years for 50 m to 1,500 m. Between the age of 10 and 29 years, the sex difference in freestyle swimming speed increased from 2.2 ± 0.4% to 19.0 ± 6.7% in 50 m (r (2) = 0.87, P < 0.001), from 2.4 ± 0.7% to 10.8 ± 2.8% in 100 m (r (2) = 0.67, P = 0.004) and from 3.6 ± 1.9% to 10.2 ± 3.4% in 200 m (r (2) = 0.60, P = 0.008). In 400 m (r (2) = 0.24), 800 m (r (2) = 0.39) and 1,500 m (r (2) = 0.34), the sex difference showed no changes (P > 0.05) with 6.9 ± 3.0%, 5.8 ± 3.5%, and 9.7 ± 8.6%, respectively. The sex difference in freestyle swimming speed showed no change with increasing race distance (r (2) = 0.12, P > 0.05). To summarize, the age of peak freestyle swimming speed increased for women with the length of the race distance from 50 m to 200 m, but not from 400 m to 1,500 m. For men, the age of peak freestyle swimming speed varied between ~22-23 years and ~25-27 years from 50 m to 1,500 m. The sex difference in freestyle swimming speed of 9.1 ± 2.5% showed no change with increasing race distance. Future studies need to confirm these findings in elite swimmers competing at international level such as the World Championships and the Olympic Games. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 29 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 3% |
| Unknown | 28 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 5 | 17% |
| Student > Bachelor | 4 | 14% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 14% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 3 | 10% |
| Other | 2 | 7% |
| Other | 4 | 14% |
| Unknown | 7 | 24% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Sports and Recreations | 9 | 31% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 4 | 14% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 10% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 7% |
| Physics and Astronomy | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 3 | 10% |
| Unknown | 7 | 24% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 08 September 2017.
All research outputs
#14,781,203
of 22,756,196 outputs
Outputs from SpringerPlus
#835
of 1,853 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#127,968
of 227,403 outputs
Outputs of similar age from SpringerPlus
#32
of 59 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,756,196 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 32nd percentile – i.e., 32% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,853 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.7. This one is in the 49th percentile – i.e., 49% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 227,403 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 41st percentile – i.e., 41% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 59 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 33rd percentile – i.e., 33% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.