Title |
Glutamate receptors, neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration
|
---|---|
Published in |
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, March 2010
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00424-010-0809-1 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Anthony Lau, Michael Tymianski |
Abstract |
Glutamate excitotoxicity is a hypothesis that states excessive glutamate causes neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. As glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), the implications of glutamate excitotoxicity are many and far-reaching. Acute CNS insults such as ischaemia and traumatic brain injury have traditionally been the focus of excitotoxicity research. However, glutamate excitotoxicity has also been linked to chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and others. Despite the continued research into the mechanisms of excitotoxicity, there are currently no pharmacological interventions capable of providing significant neuroprotection in the clinical setting of brain ischaemia or injury. This review addresses the current state of excitotoxic research, focusing on the structure and physiology of glutamate receptors; molecular mechanisms underlying excitotoxic cell death pathways and their interactions with each other; the evidence for glutamate excitotoxicity in acute neurologic diseases; laboratory and clinical attempts at modulating excitotoxicity; and emerging targets for excitotoxicity research. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 2 | 33% |
Canada | 1 | 17% |
Unknown | 3 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 5 | 83% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 17% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 7 | <1% |
United States | 6 | <1% |
Germany | 5 | <1% |
Spain | 4 | <1% |
Switzerland | 2 | <1% |
Canada | 2 | <1% |
Australia | 2 | <1% |
India | 2 | <1% |
Costa Rica | 1 | <1% |
Other | 6 | <1% |
Unknown | 938 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 180 | 18% |
Student > Bachelor | 145 | 15% |
Student > Master | 129 | 13% |
Researcher | 101 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 57 | 6% |
Other | 145 | 15% |
Unknown | 218 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 213 | 22% |
Neuroscience | 142 | 15% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 115 | 12% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 104 | 11% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 45 | 5% |
Other | 97 | 10% |
Unknown | 259 | 27% |