| Title |
Green Toxicology: a strategy for sustainable chemical and material development
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Environmental Sciences Europe, April 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s12302-017-0115-z |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Sarah E. Crawford, Thomas Hartung, Henner Hollert, Björn Mathes, Bennard van Ravenzwaay, Thomas Steger-Hartmann, Christoph Studer, Harald F. Krug |
| Abstract |
Green Toxicology refers to the application of predictive toxicology in the sustainable development and production of new less harmful materials and chemicals, subsequently reducing waste and exposure. Built upon the foundation of "Green Chemistry" and "Green Engineering", "Green Toxicology" aims to shape future manufacturing processes and safe synthesis of chemicals in terms of environmental and human health impacts. Being an integral part of Green Chemistry, the principles of Green Toxicology amplify the role of health-related aspects for the benefit of consumers and the environment, in addition to being economical for manufacturing companies. Due to the costly development and preparation of new materials and chemicals for market entry, it is no longer practical to ignore the safety and environmental status of new products during product development stages. However, this is only possible if toxicologists and chemists work together early on in the development of materials and chemicals to utilize safe design strategies and innovative in vitro and in silico tools. This paper discusses some of the most relevant aspects, advances and limitations of the emergence of Green Toxicology from the perspective of different industry and research groups. The integration of new testing methods and strategies in product development, testing and regulation stages are presented with examples of the application of in silico, omics and in vitro methods. Other tools for Green Toxicology, including the reduction of animal testing, alternative test methods, and read-across approaches are also discussed. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 4 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | 3 | 75% |
| United States | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 4 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 153 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 152 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 21 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 20 | 13% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 16 | 10% |
| Student > Master | 12 | 8% |
| Other | 10 | 7% |
| Other | 26 | 17% |
| Unknown | 48 | 31% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 19 | 12% |
| Environmental Science | 18 | 12% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 12 | 8% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 6% |
| Engineering | 8 | 5% |
| Other | 31 | 20% |
| Unknown | 56 | 37% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 4. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 April 2017.
All research outputs
#6,233,306
of 23,577,761 outputs
Outputs from Environmental Sciences Europe
#176
of 591 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#97,564
of 310,178 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Environmental Sciences Europe
#4
of 9 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,577,761 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 73rd percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 591 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 22.4. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 70% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 310,178 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 68% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 9 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than 5 of them.