| Title |
Involvement of free radicals in breast cancer
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
SpringerPlus, August 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1186/2193-1801-2-404 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Sandra Ríos-Arrabal, Francisco Artacho-Cordón, Josefa León, Elisa Román-Marinetto, María del Mar Salinas-Asensio, Irene Calvente, Maria Isabel Núñez |
| Abstract |
Researchers have recently shown an increased interest in free radicals and their role in the tumor microenvironment. Free radicals are molecules with high instability and reactivity due to the presence of an odd number of electrons in the outermost orbit of their atoms. Free radicals include reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which are key players in the initiation and progression of tumor cells and enhance their metastatic potential. In fact, they are now considered a hallmark of cancer. However, both reactive species may contribute to improve the outcomes of radiotherapy in cancer patients. Besides, high levels of reactive oxygen species may be indicators of genotoxic damage in non-irradiated normal tissues. The purpose of this article is to review recent research on free radicals and carcinogenesis in order to understand the pathways that contribute to tumor malignancy. This review outlines the involvement of free radicals in relevant cellular events, including their effects on genetic instability through (growth factors and tumor suppressor genes, their enhancement of mitogenic signals, and their participation in cell remodeling, proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, and autophagy processes; the possible relationship between free radicals and inflammation is also explored. This knowledge is crucial for evaluating the relevance of free radicals as therapeutic targets in cancer. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 4 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | 50% |
| Unknown | 2 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 117 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Poland | 1 | <1% |
| Canada | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 114 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 19 | 16% |
| Student > Bachelor | 19 | 16% |
| Student > Master | 13 | 11% |
| Researcher | 9 | 8% |
| Other | 6 | 5% |
| Other | 18 | 15% |
| Unknown | 33 | 28% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 15 | 13% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 11% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 11% |
| Chemistry | 10 | 9% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 3% |
| Other | 23 | 20% |
| Unknown | 39 | 33% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 4. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 21 September 2022.
All research outputs
#7,778,943
of 24,938,276 outputs
Outputs from SpringerPlus
#457
of 1,866 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#63,165
of 206,616 outputs
Outputs of similar age from SpringerPlus
#21
of 89 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,938,276 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 68th percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,866 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.1. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 74% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 206,616 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 67% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 89 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 76% of its contemporaries.