Title |
A Phenotypic Approach for IUIS PID Classification and Diagnosis: Guidelines for Clinicians at the Bedside
|
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Published in |
Journal of Clinical Immunology, May 2013
|
DOI | 10.1007/s10875-013-9901-6 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha, Leïla Jeddane, Fatima Ailal, Waleed Al Herz, Mary Ellen Conley, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Amos Etzioni, Alain Fischer, Jose Luis Franco, Raif S. Geha, Lennart Hammarström, Shigeaki Nonoyama, Hans D. Ochs, Chaim M. Roifman, Reinhard Seger, Mimi L. K. Tang, Jennifer M. Puck, Helen Chapel, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Jean-Laurent Casanova |
Abstract |
The number of genetically defined Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (PID) has increased exponentially, especially in the past decade. The biennial classification published by the IUIS PID expert committee is therefore quickly expanding, providing valuable information regarding the disease-causing genotypes, the immunological anomalies, and the associated clinical features of PIDs. These are grouped in eight, somewhat overlapping, categories of immune dysfunction. However, based on this immunological classification, the diagnosis of a specific PID from the clinician's observation of an individual clinical and/or immunological phenotype remains difficult, especially for non-PID specialists. The purpose of this work is to suggest a phenotypic classification that forms the basis for diagnostic trees, leading the physician to particular groups of PIDs, starting from clinical features and combining routine immunological investigations along the way. We present 8 colored diagnostic figures that correspond to the 8 PID groups in the IUIS Classification, including all the PIDs cited in the 2011 update of the IUIS classification and most of those reported since. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Mexico | 2 | 1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Czechia | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Italy | 1 | <1% |
Argentina | 1 | <1% |
Belgium | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 150 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 23 | 14% |
Other | 22 | 14% |
Researcher | 22 | 14% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 15 | 9% |
Student > Master | 15 | 9% |
Other | 38 | 24% |
Unknown | 25 | 16% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 71 | 44% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 20 | 13% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 15 | 9% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 14 | 9% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 1% |
Other | 4 | 3% |
Unknown | 34 | 21% |