Title |
Parent-Endorsed Sex Differences in Toddlers with and Without ASD: Utilizing the M-CHAT
|
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Published in |
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, October 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/s10803-016-2945-8 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Roald A. Øien, Logan Hart, Synnve Schjølberg, Carla A. Wall, Elizabeth S. Kim, Anders Nordahl-Hansen, Martin R. Eisemann, Katarzyna Chawarska, Fred R. Volkmar, Frederick Shic |
Abstract |
Sex differences in typical development can provide context for understanding ASD. Baron-Cohen (Trends Cogn Sci 6(6):248-254, 2002) suggested ASD could be considered an extreme expression of normal male, compared to female, phenotypic profiles. In this paper, sex-specific M-CHAT scores from N = 53,728 18-month-old toddlers, including n = 185 (32 females) with ASD, were examined. Results suggest a nuanced view of the "extreme male brain theory of autism". At an item level, almost every male versus female disadvantage in the broader population was consistent with M-CHAT vulnerabilities in ASD. However, controlling for total M-CHAT failures, this male disadvantage was more equivocal and many classically ASD-associated features were found more common in non-ASD. Within ASD, females showed relative strengths in joint attention, but impairments in imitation. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 2 | 29% |
United States | 1 | 14% |
Norway | 1 | 14% |
Unknown | 3 | 43% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 43% |
Scientists | 2 | 29% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 14% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 126 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 20 | 16% |
Researcher | 17 | 13% |
Student > Master | 14 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 7% |
Other | 18 | 14% |
Unknown | 36 | 29% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 39 | 31% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 12 | 10% |
Social Sciences | 9 | 7% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 7 | 6% |
Unspecified | 6 | 5% |
Other | 12 | 10% |
Unknown | 41 | 33% |