| Title |
Beta cell function and ongoing autoimmunity in long-standing, childhood onset type 1 diabetes
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Diabetologia, September 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00125-016-4087-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Georgina M. Williams, Anna E. Long, Isabel V. Wilson, Rachel J. Aitken, Rebecca C. Wyatt, Timothy J. McDonald, F. Susan Wong, Andrew T. Hattersley, Alistair J. K. Williams, Polly J. Bingley, Kathleen M. Gillespie |
| Abstract |
This study aimed to determine the frequency of residual beta cell function in individuals with long-standing type 1 diabetes who were recruited at diagnosis, and relate this to baseline and current islet autoantibody profile. Two hour post-meal urine C-peptide:creatinine ratio (UCPCR) and islet autoantibodies were measured in samples collected from 144 participants (median age at diagnosis: 11.7 years; 47% male), a median of 23 years (range 12-29 years) after diagnosis. UCPCR thresholds equivalent to mixed meal-stimulated serum C-peptide >0.001 nmol/l, ≥0.03 nmol/l and ≥0.2 nmol/l were used to define 'detectable', 'minimal' and 'residual/preserved') endogenous insulin secretion, respectively. Autoantibodies against GAD (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A), zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) and insulin (IAA) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Endogenous C-peptide secretion was detectable in 51 participants (35.4%), including residual secretion in seven individuals (4.9%) and minimal secretion in 14 individuals (9.7%). In the 132 samples collected more than 10 years after diagnosis, 86 participants (65.2%) had at least one islet autoantibody: 42 (31.8%) were positive for GADA, 69 (52.3%) for IA-2A and 14 of 104 tested were positive for ZnT8A (13.5%). The level of UCPCR was related to age at diagnosis (p = 0.002) and was independent of diabetes duration, and baseline or current islet autoantibody status. There is evidence of ongoing autoimmunity in the majority of individuals with longstanding diabetes. Endogenous insulin secretion continues for many years after diagnosis in individuals diagnosed with autoimmune-mediated type 1 diabetes above age 5. These findings suggest that some beta cells are protected from continued autoimmune attack in longstanding type 1 diabetes. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 19 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 6 | 32% |
| United Kingdom | 4 | 21% |
| Brazil | 1 | 5% |
| Spain | 1 | 5% |
| Dominican Republic | 1 | 5% |
| Canada | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 5 | 26% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 11 | 58% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 5 | 26% |
| Scientists | 2 | 11% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 57 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 57 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 14 | 25% |
| Researcher | 7 | 12% |
| Student > Bachelor | 6 | 11% |
| Student > Master | 5 | 9% |
| Other | 3 | 5% |
| Other | 10 | 18% |
| Unknown | 12 | 21% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 24 | 42% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 12% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 6 | 11% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 4% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 3 | 5% |
| Unknown | 14 | 25% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 14. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 11 June 2019.
All research outputs
#2,550,566
of 25,157,832 outputs
Outputs from Diabetologia
#1,295
of 5,325 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#42,787
of 345,391 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Diabetologia
#26
of 78 outputs
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