| Title |
The cone photoreceptors and visual pigments of chameleons
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Journal of Comparative Physiology A, July 2005
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00359-005-0014-4 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
James K. Bowmaker, Ellis R. Loew, Matthias Ott |
| Abstract |
Visual pigments, oil droplets and photoreceptor types in the retinas of four species of true chameleons have been examined by microspectrophotometry. The species occupy different photic environments: two species of Chamaeleo are from Madagascar and two species of Furcifer are from Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. In addition to double cones, four spectrally distinct classes of single cone were identified. No rod photoreceptors were observed. The visual pigments appear to be mixtures of rhodopsins and porphyropsins. Double cones contained a pale oil droplet in the principle member and both outer segments contained a long-wave-sensitive visual pigment with a spectral maximum between about 555 nm and 610 nm, depending on the rhodopsin/porphyropsin mixture. Long-wave-sensitive single cones contained a visual pigment spectrally identical to the double cones, but combined with a yellow oil droplet. The other three classes of single cone contained visual pigments with maxima at about 480-505, 440-450 and 375-385 nm, combined with yellow, clear and transparent oil droplets respectively. The latter two classes were sparsely distributed. The transmission of the lens and cornea of C. dilepis was measured and found to be transparent throughout the visible and near ultraviolet, with a cut off at about 350 nm. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 33% |
| Uruguay | 1 | 33% |
| Unknown | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 3 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 96 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 8 | 8% |
| South Africa | 2 | 2% |
| Malaysia | 1 | 1% |
| Spain | 1 | 1% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 83 | 86% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 24 | 25% |
| Researcher | 19 | 20% |
| Student > Bachelor | 15 | 16% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 6% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 5 | 5% |
| Other | 16 | 17% |
| Unknown | 11 | 11% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 57 | 59% |
| Environmental Science | 6 | 6% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 6% |
| Neuroscience | 5 | 5% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 2 | 2% |
| Other | 8 | 8% |
| Unknown | 12 | 13% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 9. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 23 January 2024.
All research outputs
#4,178,512
of 25,214,112 outputs
Outputs from Journal of Comparative Physiology A
#239
of 1,499 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#10,203
of 69,025 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Journal of Comparative Physiology A
#4
of 8 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,214,112 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 83rd percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,499 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 9.0. This one has done well, scoring higher than 84% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 69,025 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 85% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 8 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than 4 of them.