| Title |
Impact of high versus low fixed loads and non-linear training loads on muscle hypertrophy, strength and force development
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
SpringerPlus, May 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s40064-016-2333-z |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Julius Fink, Naoki Kikuchi, Shou Yoshida, Kentaro Terada, Koichi Nakazato |
| Abstract |
In this study, we investigated the effects of resistance training protocols with different loads on muscle hypertrophy and strength. Twenty-one participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 (n = 7 for each) resistance training (RT) protocols to failure: High load 80 % 1RM (8-12 repetitions) (H group), low load 30 % 1RM (30-40 repetitions) (L group) and a mixed RT protocol (M group) in which the participants switch from H to L every 2 weeks. RT consisted of three sets of unilateral preacher curls performed with the left arm 3 times/week with 90 s rest intervals between sets. The right arm served as control. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the elbow flexors (elbow angle: 90°) and rate of force development (RFD, 0-50, 50-100, 100-200 and 200-300 ms) were measured. Cross-sectional area (CSA) of the elbow flexors was measured via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All measurements were conducted before and after the 8 weeks of RT (72-96 h after the last RT). Statistical evaluations were performed with two-way repeated measures (time × group). After 8 weeks of 3 weekly RT sessions, significant increases in the left elbow flexor CSA [H: 9.1 ± 6.4 % (p = 0.001), L: 9.4 ± 5.3 % (p = 0.001), M: 8.8 ± 7.9 % (p = 0.001)] have been observed in each group, without significant differences between groups. Significant changes in elbow flexor isometric MVC have been observed in the H group (26.5 ± 27.0 %, p = 0.028), while no significant changes have been observed in the M (11.8 ± 36.4 %, p = 0.26) and L (4.6 ± 23.9 %, p = 0.65) groups. RFD significantly increased during the 50-100 ms phase in the H group only (p = 0.049). We conclude that, as long as RT is conducted to failure, training load might not affect muscle hypertrophy in young men. Nevertheless, strength and RFD changes seem to be load-dependent. Furthermore, a non-linear RT protocol switching loads every 2 weeks might not lead to superior muscle hypertrophy nor strength gains in comparison with straight RT protocols. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 21 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 3 | 14% |
| United States | 2 | 10% |
| Australia | 2 | 10% |
| Spain | 2 | 10% |
| Jersey | 1 | 5% |
| Canada | 1 | 5% |
| Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | 1 | 5% |
| Brazil | 1 | 5% |
| Taiwan | 1 | 5% |
| Other | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 6 | 29% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 13 | 62% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 5 | 24% |
| Scientists | 3 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 185 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Denmark | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 184 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 32 | 17% |
| Student > Bachelor | 31 | 17% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 23 | 12% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 6% |
| Researcher | 11 | 6% |
| Other | 28 | 15% |
| Unknown | 48 | 26% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Sports and Recreations | 71 | 38% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 15 | 8% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 14 | 8% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 5% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 7 | 4% |
| Other | 14 | 8% |
| Unknown | 55 | 30% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 35. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 03 August 2023.
All research outputs
#1,147,482
of 25,450,869 outputs
Outputs from SpringerPlus
#48
of 1,877 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#20,874
of 348,791 outputs
Outputs of similar age from SpringerPlus
#5
of 222 outputs
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