Title |
The effects of Red Bull Energy Drink on human performance and mood
|
---|---|
Published in |
Amino Acids, September 2001
|
DOI | 10.1007/s007260170021 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
C. Alford, H. Cox, R. Wescott |
Abstract |
The effects of Red Bull Energy Drink, which includes taurine, glucuronolactone, and caffeine amongst the ingredients, were examined over 3 studies in a total of 36 volunteers. Assessments included psychomotor performance (reaction time, concentration, memory), subjective alertness and physical endurance. When compared with control drinks, Red Bull Energy Drink significantly (P < 0.05) improved aerobic endurance (maintaining 65-75% max. heart rate) and anaerobic performance (maintaining max. speed) on cycle ergometers. Significant improvements in mental performance included choice reaction time, concentration (number cancellation) and memory (immediate recall), which reflected increased subjective alertness. These consistent and wide ranging improvements in performance are interpreted as reflecting the effects of the combination of ingredients. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 5 | 25% |
Indonesia | 1 | 5% |
Portugal | 1 | 5% |
Unknown | 13 | 65% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 15 | 75% |
Scientists | 4 | 20% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
Austria | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 427 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 144 | 33% |
Student > Master | 69 | 16% |
Researcher | 33 | 8% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 31 | 7% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 17 | 4% |
Other | 66 | 15% |
Unknown | 77 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 65 | 15% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 56 | 13% |
Sports and Recreations | 54 | 12% |
Psychology | 33 | 8% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 27 | 6% |
Other | 113 | 26% |
Unknown | 89 | 20% |