Title |
The Ecological Validity of Delay Aversion and Response Inhibition as Measures of Impulsivity in AD/HD: A Supplement to the NIMH Multimodal Treatment Study of AD/HD
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Published in |
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, June 2001
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DOI | 10.1023/a:1010329714819 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Mary V. Solanto, Howard Abikoff, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, Russell Schachar, Gordon D. Logan, Tim Wigal, Lily Hechtman, Stephen Hinshaw, Elihu Turkel |
Abstract |
Impulsivity is a primary symptom of the combined type of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). The Stop Signal Paradigm is premised upon a primary deficit in inhibitory control in AD/HD, whereas the Delay Aversion Hypothesis, by contrast, conceptualizes impulsivity in AD/HD, not as an inability to inhibit a response, but rather as a choice to avoid delay. This study compared the ecological validity of the Stop Signal Task (SST) and Choice-Delay Task (C-DT) measure of delay aversion, with respect to their relative utility in discriminating AD/HD children from normal control participants, and their correlations with classroom observations and with ratings of impulsivity and other core AD/HD symptoms on the Conners and SNAP-IV checklists. The tasks exhibited modest discriminant validity when used individually and excellent discriminant validity when used in combination. The C-DT correlated with teacher ratings of impulsivity, hyperactivity, and conduct problems, and with observations of gross motor activity, physical aggression, and an AD/HD composite score. The SST correlated with the observations only. These results suggest that delay aversion is associated with a broad range of AD/HD characteristics whereas inhibitory failure seems to tap a more discrete dimension of executive control. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 3 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 3 | <1% |
Argentina | 2 | <1% |
Netherlands | 2 | <1% |
India | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Chile | 1 | <1% |
Taiwan | 1 | <1% |
Other | 2 | <1% |
Unknown | 372 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 93 | 24% |
Student > Master | 63 | 16% |
Researcher | 42 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 28 | 7% |
Student > Bachelor | 28 | 7% |
Other | 77 | 20% |
Unknown | 58 | 15% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 204 | 52% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 28 | 7% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 24 | 6% |
Neuroscience | 24 | 6% |
Social Sciences | 6 | 2% |
Other | 30 | 8% |
Unknown | 73 | 19% |