Title |
Effects of Glyphosate and 2,4-D on Earthworms (Eisenia foetida) in Laboratory Tests
|
---|---|
Published in |
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, July 2010
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00128-010-0089-7 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
F. V. Correia, J. C. Moreira |
Abstract |
Laboratory tests were conducted to compare the effects of various concentrations of glyphosate and 2,4-D on earthworms (Eisenia foetida) cultured in Argissol during 56 days of incubation. The effects on earthworm growth, survival, and reproduction rates were verified for different exposure times. Earthworms kept in glyphosate-treated soil were classified as alive in all evaluations, but showed gradual and significant reduction in mean weight (50%) at all test concentrations. For 2,4-D, 100% mortality was observed in soil treated with 500 and 1,000 mg/kg. At 14 days, 30%-40% mortality levels were observed in all other concentrations. No cocoons or juveniles were found in soil treated with either herbicide. Glyphosate and 2,4-D demonstrated severe effects on the development and reproduction of Eisenia foetida in laboratory tests in the range of test concentrations. |
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France | 2 | 22% |
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Unknown | 2 | 22% |
Demographic breakdown
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Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 11% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Brazil | 2 | 1% |
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Unknown | 153 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Bachelor | 31 | 20% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 20 | 13% |
Student > Master | 20 | 13% |
Researcher | 19 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 5% |
Other | 19 | 12% |
Unknown | 39 | 25% |
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Environmental Science | 29 | 19% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 6% |
Chemistry | 7 | 4% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 1% |
Other | 12 | 8% |
Unknown | 47 | 30% |