| Title |
Screen-printed electrode-based electrochemical detector coupled with in-situ ionic-liquid-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, November 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00216-013-7415-y |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Elena Fernández, Lorena Vidal, Jesús Iniesta, Jonathan P. Metters, Craig E. Banks, Antonio Canals |
| Abstract |
A novel method is reported, whereby screen-printed electrodes (SPELs) are combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. In-situ ionic liquid (IL) formation was used as an extractant phase in the microextraction technique and proved to be a simple, fast and inexpensive analytical method. This approach uses miniaturized systems both in sample preparation and in the detection stage, helping to develop environmentally friendly analytical methods and portable devices to enable rapid and onsite measurement. The microextraction method is based on a simple metathesis reaction, in which a water-immiscible IL (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide, [Hmim][NTf2]) is formed from a water-miscible IL (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [Hmim][Cl]) and an ion-exchange reagent (lithium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide, LiNTf2) in sample solutions. The explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was used as a model analyte to develop the method. The electrochemical behavior of TNT in [Hmim][NTf2] has been studied in SPELs. The extraction method was first optimized by use of a two-step multivariate optimization strategy, using Plackett-Burman and central composite designs. The method was then evaluated under optimum conditions and a good level of linearity was obtained, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9990. Limits of detection and quantification were 7 μg L(-1) and 9 μg L(-1), respectively. The repeatability of the proposed method was evaluated at two different spiking levels (20 and 50 μg L(-1)), and coefficients of variation of 7 % and 5 % (n = 5) were obtained. Tap water and industrial wastewater were selected as real-world water samples to assess the applicability of the method. |
X Demographics
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 40 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 40 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 14 | 35% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 4 | 10% |
| Student > Bachelor | 3 | 8% |
| Researcher | 3 | 8% |
| Student > Master | 3 | 8% |
| Other | 6 | 15% |
| Unknown | 7 | 18% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 21 | 53% |
| Chemical Engineering | 1 | 3% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 3% |
| Physics and Astronomy | 1 | 3% |
| Computer Science | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 2 | 5% |
| Unknown | 13 | 33% |
Attention Score in Context
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