Title |
Management of Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Review of Evidence
|
---|---|
Published in |
Pain and Therapy, September 2013
|
DOI | 10.1007/s40122-013-0016-9 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Akiko Okifuji, Bradford D. Hare |
Abstract |
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common chronic musculoskeletal pain disorder of unknown etiology and characterized by generalized body pain, hyperalgesia, and other functional and emotional comorbidities. Despite extensive research, no treatment modality is effective for all FMS patients. In this paper, we briefly review the history of FMS and diagnostic criteria, and potential pathophysiological mechanisms including central pain modulation, neurotransmitters, sympatho-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems and peripheral muscle issues. The primary focus of the paper is to review treatment options for managing fibromyalgia symptoms. We will discuss FDA-approved medications and other pharmacologic agents, and non-pharmacologic treatments that have shown promising effects. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 22% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 6 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 6 | 67% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 11% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 1 | 11% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Italy | 1 | <1% |
Belgium | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 113 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 18 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 16 | 14% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 10% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 11 | 9% |
Researcher | 10 | 9% |
Other | 28 | 24% |
Unknown | 22 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 39 | 33% |
Psychology | 16 | 14% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 11 | 9% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 4% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 3% |
Other | 16 | 14% |
Unknown | 26 | 22% |