Transportation of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a tertiary medical center experience and systematic review of the literature

Pedro Vitale Mendes, Cesar de Albuquerque Gallo, Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro Besen, Adriana Sayuri Hirota, Raquel de Oliveira Nardi, Edzangela Vasconcelos dos Santos, Ho Yeh Li, Daniel Joelsons, Eduardo Leite Vieira Costa, Flavia Krepel Foronda, Luciano Cesar Pontes Azevedo, Marcelo Park

Utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased worldwide, but its use remains restricted to severely ill patients, and few referral centers are properly structured to offer this support. Inter-hospital transfer of patients on ECMO support can be life-threatening. In this study, we report a single-center experience and a systematic review of the available published data on complications and mortality associated with ECMO transportation. We reported single-center data regarding complications and mortality associated with the transportation of patients on ECMO support. Additionally, we searched multiple databases for case series, observational studies, and randomized controlled trials regarding mortality of patients transferred on ECMO support. Results were analyzed independently for pediatric (under 12 years old) and adult populations. We pooled mortality rates using a random-effects model. Complications and transportation data were also described. A total of 38 manuscripts, including our series, were included in the final analysis, totaling 1481 patients transported on ECMO support. A total of 951 patients survived to hospital discharge. The pooled survival rates for adult and pediatric patients were 62% (95% CI 57-68) and 68% (95% CI 60-75), respectively. Two deaths occurred during patient transportation. No other complication resulting in adverse outcome was reported. Using the available pooled data, we found that patient transfer to a referral institution while on ECMO support seems to be safe and adds no significant risk of mortality to ECMO patients.