Title |
Bipolar disorder and socioeconomic status: what is the nature of this relationship?
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Published in |
International Journal of Bipolar Disorders, June 2013
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DOI | 10.1186/2194-7511-1-9 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Laeticia Eid, Katrina Heim, Sarah Doucette, Shannon McCloskey, Anne Duffy, Paul Grof |
Abstract |
In psychiatric literature stretching over a century, there have been glaring discrepancies in the findings describing the relationship between bipolar disorder (BD) and socioeconomic status (SES). Early studies indicated an overall association between manic-depressive illness and higher social class. However, recent epidemiologic studies have failed to find an association between BD and SES. Instead, they report a similar distribution of BD among social classes and educational levels, and in one particular study, a lower family income was reported. The determinants of SES are complex, and the early findings are now interpreted as having been incorrect and stemming from past methodological weaknesses. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Portugal | 1 | 33% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 33% |
Unknown | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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France | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 70 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Master | 12 | 17% |
Student > Bachelor | 8 | 11% |
Researcher | 7 | 10% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 10% |
Student > Postgraduate | 6 | 8% |
Other | 11 | 15% |
Unknown | 20 | 28% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 19 | 27% |
Psychology | 15 | 21% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 4 | 6% |
Social Sciences | 4 | 6% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 4% |
Other | 5 | 7% |
Unknown | 21 | 30% |